Probably accentuate both the intensity and frequency of hurricanes and tropical cyclones in the area, and would extend to latitudes today unaffected or outside the scope of these natural phenomena.

The Earth’s climate is very difficult to predict, because there are many factors to consider: rain, sunshine, wind, temperature … So you can not define exactly what the effects will lead to global warming. But apparently, climate change could be very severe.

A first consequence, very possible, is the increase of drought: in some places the rainfall decrease. In others, the rain will increase, causing flooding.

A warmer atmosphere could cause the ice near the poles to melt. The amount of water that would raise the sea level. An increase of only 60 cm would inundate the fertile lands of Bangladesh, India, of whom depend on hundreds of thousands of people to obtain food. Tropical storms may occur more frequently.

The current child is one of the clearest examples of the problems that global warming brings, unbalanced state of global climate causing too much rain in some places to floods and other is totally a drought, you can also cite the abrupt change temperature and pressure in the atmosphere which results in long sequences of tornadoes and typhoons. This is more in tropical areas where tornadoes occur in the time of year and climate change these very often reappear.

We know we can expect the consequences of the greenhouse effect for the next century, if not return to lower values:

- Increase in average global temperature.
- Increased drought in some areas and flooding in others.
- Increased frequency of hurricane formation.
- Progressive melting of polar ice caps and consequent rise in sea levels.
- Increased precipitation at the global level but fewer days and more rain in torrents.
- Increased number of hot days, resulted in waves of heat.

credit to: Raul Berneri
photo source: http://i97.photobucket.com/

A similar rise would mean the contamination of aquifers, the recession of coasts and wetlands, up to 15% of the fertile land of Egypt and 14% of Bangladesh would be flooded by rising maximum. Possibly affecting the stability of tropical forests and biodiversity, due to its high degree of vulnerability to environmental changes in the balance, being replaced by degenerated ecosystems.

Coral reefs contain the greatest genetic diversity after tropical forests, including one third of all fish species known. Most are on average water temperatures approach the maximum tolerable without submitting changes in its symbiotic balance.

If the sea temperature rises by 2 0 3 ° C, the stability of some corals would be threatened. Projected increases in sea level also affect their ability to survive, because the stability of coral reefs is associated with the maintenance of a certain distance from the water surface.

The expected warming far exceeds the capacity of migration of natural communities, resulting in destruction without replacement and impoverishment of ecosystems, species loss and ultimately loss of the earth’s capacity to support life. Perhaps industrialized agriculture to respond to the new situation quickly enough (although in the U.S. heat wave of 1988 represented a 30% decline in the harvest of grain), but agriculture in developing countries has no means an such adaptation.

There are many powerful phenomena whose evolution climate change is uncertain, for example, the consequences of an ice-free Arctic Ocean sea currents and their influence on the fishery, or the likely movement of tropical diseases to other parts of the Earth.

Examples such as malaria and dengue fever could spread over a greater proportion of land area, affecting millions of people who are now outside their areas of influence.

credit to: Raul Berneri
photo source: http://i213.photobucket.com/

It is believed that the measurements taken were not correct and that it omitted the data on the role of the oceans. Trends or periods of cooling had no explanation to these data on global warming, and satellites show different temperature record of the set at first.

Begin to give importance to the idea that global warming models have been overestimated in relation to the warming trend of the past 100 years. This caused the IPCC review the data and relationships established from the outset, but this they did react reconsidering whether global warming trend actually exist or not.It is now well known that 1998 was the warmest year on record, followed by 2002, 2003, 2001 and 1997. The hottest 10 years have been recorded since 1990.

The climate records of the IPCC are still debated by many scientists, resulting in new research projects and answers to skeptical reaction of the IPCC. This discussion continued on climate change today and the information is constantly reviewed and renewed. The models are discussed, adapted and updated with new theories continuously.

For now there are too many measures relating to climate change. This is because there is still much uncertainty about the climate change theory. But climate change is a global problem and difficult to resolve by the countries individually. Therefore, in 1998 of the Kyoto Protocol in Kyoto, Japan.

This is an instrument for the participation of all signatory countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, and SF6) for at least 5% below 1990 levels over the period service from 2008 to 2012. The Kyoto protocol was signed in Bonn in 2001 by 186 countries. Several countries like the U.S. and Australia have withdrawn.

From 1998 onwards the terminology of the greenhouse effect is beginning to change as a result of the media. The term greenhouse and start using less and less often as a theory and people start referring to the theory like global warming or climate change.

credit to: M. Maslin
photo source: www.ourplanet.org.uk

photo source: www.solcomhouse.com

In the late fifties and early 1960s, Charles Keeling most advanced technology used to produce curves of atmospheric CO2 concentration in Antarctica and Mauna Loa. These curves have been one of the biggest signs and evidence on global warming. The curves show a trend of decreasing temperatures recorded between 1940 and 1970.

While research on ocean sediments shows that there have been no fewer than 32 hot-cold cycles in the last 2.5 million years instead of only four as previously thought. Thus begins the alarm that a new ice age is near. The media and many scientists ignored the scientific data between 1950 and 1960 in favor of global cooling.In the 1980s, finally, the curve of global average temperature begins to rise. People are beginning to question the theory of an ice age. In the 1980s, the curve begins to show increases in global temperatures so intense that the theory of global warming begins to gain ground. Environmental NGOs (Non Governmental Organizations) begin to establish the need for global environmental protection to prevent global warming of the earth. The press began to intervene and soon becomes first global news. Photos of China are published steaming alongside photos of melting ice or natural disasters like floods. So strong was the power of media to create social pressure that begins to sink in people, climate change and impacts. Stephen Schneider first predicted global warming in 1976. This made him the foremost expert and leadership on global warming.

In 1988 he finally recognized that the climate is warmer than before 1880. It recognized the greenhouse theory and established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the Environmental Program of the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization. The purpose of this organization is to predict the impact of greenhouse gases, taking into account expected climate models and bibliographic information. The Panel consists of over 2500 scientists and technical experts from over 60 countries worldwide. The scientists are aa different research fields as climatology, ecology, economics, medicine and oceanography. The IPCC is recognized as the pioneer scientific cooperation group’s largest ever. The IPCC reports on climate change by reports in 1992 and 1996 and the latest version in 2001.

credit to: M. Maslin

Arrhenius suggested that a double concentration of CO2 gas would cause a temperature increase of 5 oC. He along with Thomas Chamberlin estimate that human activities could cause an increase in temperature by adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

This research was carried out in line with a major investigation on whether carbon dioxide could explain the processes of melting ice (large glaciations) on earth. This does not take place until 1987.After the discovery of Arrhenius and Chamberlin forgot the topic for a while. At this time it was thought that the influence of human activities were insignificant compared to natural forces such as solar activity, circulatory movements in the ocean. It is also assumed that the oceans were great collectors or carbon sinks that automatically cancel the pollution produced by man. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas considered most influential.

In 1940 there were developments in measurements of longwave radiation by infrared spectroscopy. At this time it was found that increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to increased absorption of infrared radiation. It was also found that water vapor absorbs radiation different than carbon dioxide. Gilbert Plass summarizes these results in 1955. He concludes that the addition of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere captures the infrared radiation that would be lost to the external atmosphere and space, causing overheating of the earth.

The argument that the oceans would absorb most of the carbon dioxide remained intact. However, in 1950 found insufficient evidence that carbon dioxide had an atmospheric lifetime of 10years. Also, do not yet know what would happen to a molecule of carbon dioxide when dissolved in the ocean. Could it be that the retention capacity of carbon dioxide by the oceans was limited, or carbon dioxide released into the air again after some time. Research was conducted would show that the oceans were not carbon sinks for atmospheric CO2 around. Only a third of anthropogenic CO2 can be retained by the oceans.

credit to: M. Maslin
photo source: www.environment-green.com

A combination of anthropogenic global warming and a moderate warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean by the phenomenon known as El Niño, makes it very likely that 2010 will be a year worldwide warmer than 2009.

Recently published data confirm that 2009 is expected to be the fifth warmest year in records dating back to 1850.
The latest forecast our climate scientists, shows global temperature is expected to be nearly 0.6 ° C above the 1961-90 average long term. This means it is more likely that 2010 will be the warmest year in instrumental record, beating the previous record year was 1998.
Earlier than that 2010 average global temperature record is not a certainty, especially if the current El Niño unexpectedly low rapidly around the beginning of 2010, or if there was a volcanic eruption. The Met Office forecasts revised during the year 2010 with available observational data.
Looking ahead, the experimental decadal forecasts from the Met Office confirms earlier indications that about half of the years 2010-2019 will be warmer than the warmest year so far observed – 1998.

The year 2009, with a provisional temperature of 14.44 ° C observed, can be compared with identical predicted value of 14.44 ° C.
The Met Office, in collaboration with the University of East Anglia, keeps a record global temperature that is used in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Every December or January, the Met Office, in collaboration with the University of East Anglia, issues a forecast of the global surface temperature for the next year.

It is likely that the accumulation of these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over the last few thousand years has stopped the start of a new glacial cycle, as those who have been in constant intervals every 100,000 years during the last million years.

Each glacial period was marked by regular, predictable changes of Earth’s orbit, known as orbital variations.

Because of these variations in Earth’s orbit, although the solar luminosity is almost constant over millions of years, the average amount of radiation received by each hemisphere fluctuates, what times of extreme cold.

According to scientists, without the action of human beings today we would probably find one of those times.

The global warming melts the ice in the Arctic. Polar bears have to hunt for ice. If the earth is becoming warmer polar bears will not survive.

Warming up
The earth is getting warmer. The average temperature in 2006 and 2007 was higher than ever in the Netherlands. This is mainly caused by man. But some scholars think that in part comes from nature itself. Around the earth is a shell of oxygen and other gases. This is called the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that hold heat around the Earth. Emissions from cars and planes and by waste from factories and power plants is more and more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Heat can not go out and the earth is getting warmer. This is called also called the greenhouse effect, because it works like a greenhouse.

Impact
Scientists believe that global temperatures in 2050 will be three degrees higher than now. This much is enough ice on the Arctic and Antarctic to melt. This will put more water in the seas. Sea levels are rising and more flooding. Some low areas may disappear. In some places, the more rain and storms. In other places will just always be drier. Some animals will not survive. It is too hot or too cold for them or they will no longer find food. Diseases will spread more easily.

What can we do?
To ensure that the earth can continue should anything happen. Governments try to make other arrangements to address the greenhouse effect. But this is very difficult. Some countries, the industry and the economy more important than milieu.Toch include new ways to gain real power needed by oil and gas because there is much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. With the help of sun, wind and water we can produce energy. You yourself do something for the environment. For example, try not to use too much electricity and use old stuff again.

“If the warming of the planet is trying to limit, it is absurd to form soil to produce bio fuels,” said Joe Giorgione, researcher at the Nature Conservancy, one of the leading private environmental organizations and co-author of the study also carried out with scientists from the University of Minnesota. “All the bio fuels we use now, bring a destruction of nature with them, directly or indirectly,” said Giorgione.

The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere by converting land to make bio fuels to produce is greater than the amount of CO2 not emitted through the use of those fuels.

According to the study of changes in the atmosphere have increased the Antarctic against the sun’s radiation. Ice floes large withdrawal from the sea has eroded Albedo or reflectance of solar radiation over. Because of this, at least one thousand years have contributed to the phenomenon a result of sunlight is reflected back into space anymore as much as before, the climate is gradually warmed.