For genetic diversity means the variation of genes within species. This covers distinct populations of the same species or genetic variation of a population.
Genetic diversity represents the heritable variation within and between populations of organisms. Essentially, it depends on the variations in the sequence of the four key pairs are formed, so the genetic code, taking into account that, in advanced organisms, only a small fraction (often less than 1%) of genetic material is expressed outwardly in the form and functioning of the body.
The role of genetic diversity (= genetic load, expressed or not individuals of a species) is to maintain a reservoir of terms-of-variation response to the environment, that allows adaptation and survival. In response, the significance of any alteration in genetic diversity (reservoir) is uncertain.
Each of the different genes present in the biota of the world does not make an equal contribution to the total genetic diversity. In particular, genes that control fundamental biochemical processes are kept in differential rates and generally show little variation, although variation does exist that may exert a strong effect on the viability of the organism, the opposite is possible on other genes. Moreover, an astonishing level of molecular variation in the immune system of mammals, for example, is possible through a small number of genes inherited.
The new genetic variation come from gene mutations and chromosome in individuals, and agencies with the power of sexual reproduction can spread to the population through recombination. It has been estimated that in humans, as in flies, the number of possible combinations of different forms of each gene sequence exceeds the number of atoms in the universe.
The frequency of genes within the total population is the result of natural selection, and in turn, is the determinant of the evolution of the population. The importance of genetic variation is summarized by saying: allows evolutionary changes based on selective breeding.
Source: http://www.biotech.bioetica.org/clase3-7.htm
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